Blood Glucose Test Strips

Blood Glucose Test Strips

A blood sugar test strip is one of the items that people who have type 2 diabetes need in order to self-monitor their blood sugar levels in order to manage and control his or her diabetic symptoms. The strip is disposable, and when blood is drawn onto the strip, a chemical on the strip reacts with the glucose, or sugar, in the blood. The blood sugar test strip is then inserted into the glucometer, which then calculates the sugar levels in the blood. The results typically are available on the meter display within a matter of seconds.

Some strips come with a special code that indicates the characteristics of that batch of strips. The strips can vary from batch to batch, and the code allows the glucometer to be calibrated to that batch. If the meter is not calibrated correctly, the results can be inaccurate. Some strips have the information encoded on the blood sugar test strip itself, so the user doesn't have to input the code.

Usually, self-monitoring tests are conducted before and after meals and at bedtime. The frequency of testing for each patient, however, is determined by his or her physician. Additionally, the criteria for unacceptably high or low blood sugar ranges for any individual would be discussed with a doctor as well, in order for the diabetic person to understand and appropriately act upon the results of the testing for blood sugar.

Blood sugar test strips often come included with the purchase of a blood sugar monitoring kit. The kit usually includes a lancet, a meter and the blood sugar test strips. If blood sugar test strips are purchased separately, they must be compatible with the exact blood sugar monitor being used in order to assure accuracy of the results. Other ways one can ensure the accuracy of a blood sugar test strip include using it before its expiration date; avoiding the storage of test strips where they might be subject to excessive heat or humidity or be exposed to air; and avoiding the loose storage of the strips unless they were foil-wrapped by the manufacturer.

Some meters will save the glucose level information in memory for reporting results to a doctor at a later time. Regardless of whether a meter saves the results, keeping a log of the results is important for managing blood glucose levels. It helps one understand how blood sugar levels are affected by physical activity, foods, medicine and time of day.

The meter is used to detect low blood glucose levels or high blood glucose levels for prompt attention and correction. For example, if blood glucose level readings are low, the diabetic person can immediately handle it by ingesting sugar items, such as drinking juice or pop and eating raisins, sugar, honey or maple syrup as directed by a physician. After waiting 15 minutes, the blood sugar test can be done again. If the blood glucose level readings are high, the diabetic can walk around for another 15 minutes before retesting. Testing the blood regularly with blood sugar test strips and a reliable meter is a vital part of avoiding complications and managing diabetes.

Chart for Blood Sugar Levels
Normally, the blood sugar levels are tested on an empty stomach, usually after a gap of six to eight hours after having the last meal. This test is known as the fasting blood glucose test. The following chart provides the normal range for fasting blood sugar levels.

Fasting Blood Sugar Levels
• Normal 70-100 mg/dL
• Prediabetes 101-125 mg/dL
• Diabetes 125 mg/dL and above

The following table provides the average blood sugar levels of a normal healthy adult, 2 hours after eating a meal.

Postprandial Blood Sugar Levels
• Normal 70-140 mg/dL
• Prediabetes 141-200 mg/dL
• Diabetes 200 mg/dL and above

Blood Sugar Levels in Pregnant Women
It is common for pregnant women to be screened for gestational diabetes anywhere between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. Gestational diabetes is a temporary form of hyperglycemia (high sugar level). An oral glucose tolerance test is done to ascertain whether a pregnant woman is suffering from gestational diabetes. The urine glucose test is another method for monitoring blood sugar levels in the body. It is done using urinalysis, mostly as a part of a physical or prenatal checkup. The urine glucose test also helps to diagnose urinary tract infection. If a pregnant woman is diagnosed with gestational diabetes, then her fasting blood sugar is greater than 95 mg/dL and her blood sugar readings before meals range from 140 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL.

How is Blood Sugar Measured?
Blood glucose testing is done to screen healthy, asymptomatic individuals for diabetes. Glucose in the blood is measured as whole blood serum, also known as plasma. An increase or decrease in the blood sugar levels in the human body can lead to either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Blood glucose can be measured on a fasting basis, randomly, postprandial (after a meal), and/or as part of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT/GTT).

According to the American Diabetes Association, blood sugar should ideally be measured using the fasting glucose or the OGTT which may help diagnose diabetes. However, it is advisable that the test be done at least twice, at different times, to confirm diabetes.

Diabetics can monitor their own blood glucose levels, several times in a day, to record the levels of sugar in their blood. Many home testing kits are available in medical stores, and can be bought on medical prescriptions. The method to test blood sugar using home kits is fairly simple and straightforward. A drop of blood taken from the pricked finger is placed onto a glucose strip, which is then inserted into the glucose meter; a small machine that provides a digital record, as well as a readout of the blood glucose level. The test is completed in about 30 seconds. Most kits also come with charts, where one can record the sugar level changes. These charts have proved to be very useful to doctors, while determining the need for oral medication or insulin.

The several different types of blood glucose tests performed are as follows:

1. Fasting Blood Sugar Test (FBS) measures the level of glucose in the body, 8 hours after the last meal. It is the first test performed to diagnose diabetes. The normal range for people with no diabetes is lower than 100 milligrams of glucose per deciliter of blood (mg/dL). If the level of glucose in the blood is between 100 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL, this indicates that the patient has a condition known as prediabetes. In such scenarios, the tests are repeated on regular periods and dietary restrictions are suggested to the patient. However, if the level of sugar exceeds 126 mg/dL, then the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.

2. Random Blood Sugar Test (RBS) measures the level of glucose in the body at any point of time. If the level of sugar is between 140 mg/dL and 200 mg/dL, the patient is diagnosed with prediabetes. If the level of sugar exceeds 200 mg/dL, then the patient is diagnosed with diabetes.

3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is performed to diagnose Gestational Diabetes which occurs during pregnancy. It is the process of taking a series of blood glucose measurements after the patient drinks a sweet liquid that contains a high quantity of glucose. A normal blood sugar level after an oral glucose tolerance test is lower than 140 mg/dL. If the blood sugar level is 140 mg/dL to 199 mg/dL then the patient is diagnosed with prediabetes.

4.Glycated Hemoglobin Test (A1C) is not performed to diagnose diabetes. Rather, it helps evaluate as to how well a patient is managing diabetes. The A1C test reflects the average blood sugar level for an average of two to three months. The test results show as to what percentage is the hemoglobin sugar coated (glycated). The normal range for people with no diabetes is 4 to 6% while the patients with diabetes are requested to maintain the A1C level to less the 7%. However, if the level is greater than 7%, then the patient may need to change the diabetes treatment plan.

The above tests are performed by a laboratory on the blood sample obtained from you. The results are obtained in a few minutes. Glucose levels in urine also can be measured. Many people with diabetes have glucose in their urine. However, the level in the blood must be very high before glucose can be detected in the urine. For this reason, tests for glucose in urine are not used to diagnose or monitor diabetes.

Diabetics must monitor their own blood glucose levels, often several times a day, to determine how far above or below normal their glucose is and to determine what oral medications or insulin(s) they may need. This is usually done by placing a drop of blood from a skin prick onto a glucose strip and then inserting the strip into a glucose meter of a blood sugar tester, a small machine that provides a digital readout of the blood glucose level.

Preventive Measures
Keeping blood sugar levels in check is not that difficult. Diet plays an important role in maintaining normal glucose levels. Here are some measures that you could follow to keep your blood sugar levels in check.

• A lower intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates, such as white flour, bread, and white rice is generally advised, as a preventive measure for diabetes.

• Eating smaller meals at regular intervals with a diet rich in protein and fiber will help regulate glucose levels in the blood.

• People suffering from diabetes are advised to follow a diabetic diet plan, which will help control sugar levels.

• Regular and moderate physical activity can also keep a check on a person's weight, enabling him/her to regulate sugar levels.

It is important to remember that test results are only a part of a larger picture that has to include your medical history and current health. In case the test results do not return a normal result, it is imperative that you take immediate action and consult a diabetic specialist right away who can guide you with the right treatment and dietary plan.

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